Essay about Critical Pedagogy in Social Studies Education

Since the early twentieth century, educational theorists and researchers debated often about topics concerning the validity, purposes, and best approach to public education and the social studies discipline in the United States. Since the adoption of Ralph Tyler’s teacher-centered, essentialist approach to curriculum, John Dewey’s call for progressive reform and student-centered learning, and Paolo Freire’s call for an education that advocates social change and the destruction of social oppression, education pundits found themselves stuck between different goals, outcomes, and possibilities for teaching social studies. A review of recent literature proves that one of the goals, critical literacy, oftentimes stands at the center of†¦show more content†¦211; Freire, 2006, p. 219). Such topics as race, gender, class, media, and environment are often discussed in a classroom atmosphere dedicated to democracy and free thought (Wolk, 2003, p. 102; National Council of the Social Studies, 2008, p. 212; Wile, 2000, p. 171; Soares, et. al., 2010, p. 487). In doing so, critical literacy is often associated with Paolo Freire’s rationale for a social education that breaks down the oppressor-oppressed relationship that exists across the world to form a society that is just, humane, and equal (Freire, 2006, pp. 43-46). In order to achieve this, students must develop social justice skills that call for them to be active citizens of their society (Wolk, 2003, p. 102; National Council of the Social Studies, 2008, p. 211; Kumashiro, 2001, p. 8; Wineburg, et. al., 2004, 45). Many researchers and theorists stress the need to approach social studies from a critical literacy perspective. The idea that the current social studies curriculum supports a small privileged class while ignoring all other classes is one that is oftentimes associated with the present curriculum taught today (Kumashiro, 2001, p. 4). Additionally, researchers theorized that students bring stereotypes, myths, and a partial knowledge of various histories and cultures to the classroom. They concluded that in order to better develop informed citizens, curriculum should be based on student needs, social values, and democracy to help studentsShow MoreRelatedThe Humanities Curriculum Project: A Case Study1237 Words   |  5 Pagespresent aim of secondary education is to reflect enduring values such as commitment to the virtues of honesty, trust, duty and justice, because they contribute to a healthy and sustainable society. In order to illustrate how the United Kingdom chose to cope with the challenges of globalization, the Humanities Curriculum Project is an interesting case study. The key question as posed by Director Stenhouse was how to better address the aspirations of secondary education for everybody,  regardlessRead MoreThe Components Elements Of Education1597 Words   |  7 PagesEducation comes in different philosophies and is a crucial element in every civilization. When a country is oppressed, one of the first things the oppressor tries to take over and get control is their education. The reason is because with education, one can give or withhold any kind of information and shape the nation in the way they see appropriate. With the exception of oppressed individuals, education teaches their society who they are, what is the nature of their environment, and how does theRead MoreCritical Pedagogy: The Study of Oppression in Education855 Words   |  4 PagesIn the education world, the top ic of critical pedagogy will be introduced to many. Before one can discuss critical pedagogy, one must know the meaning of it. Critical pedagogy is known to many as the study of oppression in education. It includes how issues of sex, race, gender, culture, and other social factors shape education. Critical pedagogy is also known by many as how teaching and learning takes place. An example of critical pedagogy is when students are able to ask why and respond or challengeRead MoreEssay about An Integrative Approach to Teaching Writing1092 Words   |  5 Pagesrules, to writing as a process with an authentic, individual voice, to writing as a system of social and political actions. Many feel the need to align themselves with one perspective against the others, but, Unless we take into account these differences in perspective, we will be unable to establish sufficient common ground for moving the discussion forward (Lindemann 288). Rob Pope, in his English Studies Book, explains that, Most undergraduate English courses now have a considerable variety ofRead MoreTeaching Diversity And Equitable Classrooms Versus Teacher Activism Essay1155 Words   |  5 Pagesshould engage in critical social action, and these actions can come in many different forms. The school is a place where students can share experiences and knowledge differences. Educators can start by create a classroom environment where these conversations can occur and bring then these conversations outside of the classroom. There are several key concepts that resonated with me through my journey in this course. These course concepts were culturally relevant pedagogy, queer pedagogy, multiculturalRead MoreCritical Pedagogy ( Cp )1728 Words   |  7 PagesCritical pedagogy (CP) is after fostering a critical and analytical lens which may suggest diverse possibilities of appreciating the active relationship between teachers-learners and teaching-learning processes. Without thinking critically and wor king critically, the monotonous process of systems may keep going. Human beings are not robots or machines to be given some instructions by a designer in advance to run for a while in a routine and repetitive manner. They are ashamed of staying still andRead MoreProfessional Training And Support For Teachers778 Words   |  4 Pagessuccessfully implement culturally relevant pedagogy. Culturally relevant pedagogy requires teachers to have professional development and support for their teaching practice to be effective. Teachers who lack training and support are not able to address the academic achievement gap among culturally diverse students (Griner Stewart, 2012, p. 589). Professional training and support is required for pre-service, beginning, and experienced teachers. Teacher education programs need to better prepare pre-serviceRead MoreThe Role Of Portraiture For Science Education Research857 Words   |  4 Pagesis The viability of portraiture for science education research: learning from portraits of two science classrooms is a research that delivered two portraits of teachers and their classrooms to explain â€Å"how context played a significant role in teachers’ experiences and how it influenced their classroom pedagogy†(Quigley et al., 2015, p. 21). They wanted to know in what way portraiture â€Å"can support deep, dynamic understanding of context in science education† †(Quigley et al., 2015, p. 21). The knowledgeRead MoreWhat I Learned At The Classroom Environment Essay1490 Words   |  6 Pages An incredible amount of time and energy has been spent in creating a culturally responsive classroom. As stated in the literature review, reflection has been a critical component of creating such culture. As a white fem ale and a product of the upper-middle class, I was quickly forced to apply my knowledge of cultural responsive pedagogy when I accepted a position teaching a Title-1 school with over 90% of students representing various minorities in Metro Atlanta. I swiftly realized that my studentsRead MoreDifferent Types Of Adult Learning1744 Words   |  7 Pages Emancipatory Education Project Name: Course: Instructor: Date: Introduction Emancipatory is among the different types of adult learning. The aim of it is to give freedom to the learners to limit their control and options in their lives and enable them to take actions which bring change to their political and social change. Emancipatory learning emphasizes that the transformation in a learners life can only take place in an adult’s life because it is only in adulthood or adolescence that

Leadership in Thoughts from the Tao-te-Ching and The...

Leadership in Thoughts from the Tao-te-Ching and The Qualities of a Prince Lao-Tzu’s â€Å"Thoughts from the Tao-te Ching† and Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Qualities of a Prince† both have the ultimate goal of making better leaders. The tactics that each writer chooses to present as a guide for the leader are almost opposite of each other. Today’s American government would benefit from a combination of the two extreme ideas. Lao-Tzu’s laissez-faire attitude towards the economy, as well as his small scale, home defense military is appealing to a liberal person. Machiavelli’s attitude towards miserliness and lower taxes, while being always prepared for war, would appeal to a conservative person. The writers are in agreement on some issues, such as†¦show more content†¦A hated leader would invite a rebellion that would try to remove him from power. On the other hand, a leader should not be loved. Showing too much compassion will make the people think you are weak, and he would permit disorders to contin ue. Machiavelli urges the leader to always be personally armed, and preparing for war, even in peace time. The leader must continually train his body and mind for combat. He believes that people are fickle and greedy, so they will take whatever you give them. Ultimately, he believes the leader should do and say anything to keep the people happy, but when it comes down to it, what makes them happy may not be best for the state as a whole. An even mixture of both of these theories is the best for America. Something that our leaders in the United States in past years aimed for is middle of the road politics, appealing to both liberals and conservatives. Although I do not believe Machiavellis honesty policy would go over too well in the United States, I am sure his tactics are used by politicians in creating an appearance that people want to see. A good combination for our government today is for the president to not be personally armed, but have protection. He does not constantly train for war, but has an appointed official dedicated for that purpose. In contrast to both writers, I believe the American people today are neither inherently good nor evil exclusively, but we all wantShow MoreRelatedLao Tzu And Machiavelli Analysis1038 Words   |  5 Pages There are many indescribable qualities that make a leader. However, a leader can be interpreted differently. A leader must ensure the safety of his subjects, however, there are different ways in which to do so. The absence of admirable leadership leads to chaos and social unrest. Within Lao Tzu’s Thoughts from the Tao-Te-Ching and Machiavelli’s The Prince, there are similar ideas surrounding the definition of a leader. They ultimately explore their idea of what an optimal government would be like;Read MoreReligion Information Paper : Buddhism3761 Words   |  16 Pages Religion Information Paper Buddhism The founder of Buddidism is know to be a Prince called Siddhartha Gautama, he was born in North India. He was the son of King Suddhodanna and Queen Maha Maya Devi. The young man was given the name Prince Siddhartha Gautama. As soon as the prince was born there was prediction on whether he would become a Buddah or a world leader, no one knew as it could have been either. He was born into a very rich family and everything was done for him, however his fatherRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Analysis28615 Words   |  115 PagesORGANISATIONAL ANALYSIS: Notes and essays for the workshop to be held on 15th - 16th Novemeber 2007 at The Marriot Hotel Slough Berkshire SL3 8PT Dr. Lesley Prince, C.Psychol., AFBPsS University of Birmingham November 2007  © Dr. Lesley Prince 2007. Organisational Analysis: Notes and Essays Page i Page ii Please do not attempt to eat these notes. CONTENTS Introduction to the Workshop Topics And Themes The Nature and Scope of Organisation Theory Levels of Analysis The MetaphoricalRead MoreEssay about Compare and Contrast Leadership Theories9999 Words   |  40 PagesLeadership From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Leadership has been described as the â€Å"process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task†. Definitions more inclusive of followers have also emerged. Alan Keith of Genentech states that, Leadership is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to making something extraordinary happen. According to Ken SKC Ogbonnia, effective leadership is the ability

War Is Unpredictable Free Essays

To an extent war is unpredictable, however the meaningless punishment and demoralising conduct is something that soldiers experience constantly throughout war. In Owen’s poem â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† he diminishes the patriotism and heroism that is commonly associated with war and replaces it with depictions of the harsh punishment and perfidious death of youth in war. Correspondingly in his poem â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† he extends the theme of unpatriotic behaviour and hollow death and suggests that war is also a devilish and sinful practice, where nothing but death and hatred arise. We will write a custom essay sample on War Is Unpredictable or any similar topic only for you Order Now Contrastingly, in Stanley Kubrick’s war film â€Å"Full Metal Jacket† he does not look at death in war, but conversely the internal punishment that superior officers give to soldiers, harshly exploring the training and punishment soldiers receive before war. Ultimately, these three texts explore the lack of honour and worthless punishment that soldiers experience constantly in war, depicting war as a place of hatred and sin. In Owen’s poem â€Å"Anthem† he removes the common Romantic concepts of glory and triumph that were associated with war from the early 20th century and realistically explores the truly unpatriotic nature of the battlefield. His ideals contrasted the Romantic ideals of glory as well as the government and the media who exhibited war as valiant and fitting for the youth of the early 20th century. Instantly, Owen’s title of the poem contradicts the reader’s belief in the common war values where he pairs the terms â€Å"Anthem† and â€Å"Doomed Youth† juxtaposing with a gloomy and depressing description of the youth in war. Owen then compares the youth who â€Å"died as cattle† to an abattoir by using metaphor, emphasising the sheer amount of death that occurs on the battlefield, also suggesting that the youth are indiscriminately dying with no justification. Likewise, Owen uses juxtaposition to describe the sounds of war, in which he subverts the calming sound of â€Å"choirs† and depicts them as â€Å"demented†, illuminating the sound of screaming comrades in war and enhancing his anti-heroic view. Thus, Owen through his poem â€Å"Anthem† dishonours the common concepts of glory and triumph, and replaces them with â€Å"mockeries† of the dying youth in war, ultimately suggesting war unheroic and the soldiers deaths unglorified. On the contrary, Stanley Kubrick’s war film â€Å"FMJ† explores the internal and meaningless punishment that soldiers experience whilst training to become a soldier, aggressively depicting the raining as harsh and suicidal. Directed in 1979, Steven Kubrick’s position on war was neither affirmative nor negative and simply stated he was concerned with â€Å"the way things are†, thus forcefully depicting the disciplinary discrepancies of the Americans in Vietna m. The opening montage of the camera focused on the soldier’s heads being shaved depicts the blank expressionless faces of the soldiers and shows the identity loss of the soldiers in war, illustrating their inconsequential individuality. Kubrick uses harsh and explicit dialogue to stress how even though war is â€Å"fair† everyone participating is â€Å"equally worthless†, again punishing the soldiers for their racial background and individuality. Likewise, in the final scene of the introductory sequence before the war, Kubrick displays the suicidal aspect of the meaningless punishment, where Private Pile† explains that even though there is war going on in Vietnam, he is in a â€Å"world of shit† after the punishment from the senior officers. This harsh portrayal of pre-war training explains Kubrick’s view that internally war can be as detrimental as it is on the battlefield. Correspondingly, Owen aims to eradicate all romantic feelings in â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† and instead represent war as a sinful and devilish practice. The ironic titling of the poem initially subverts any sense of patriotism and glory associated with war, and condemns the romanticised portrayals of war that the government and the media have created. By deliberately subverting the heroic Latin phrase through the bleak ideas in his poem, Owen depicts the title as an â€Å"old lie† where he suggests that glorification and bravery in war is undermined by the fallacies of the government and the media. In addition, his use of metaphor in the first stanza exemplifies the mechanised and fatigued state of the soldiers in war, where the soldiers â€Å"marched asleep† from the endless punishment and futility of war. Owen indicates here exactly how â€Å"lame† the soldiers were with the pain and suffering of war, illuminating the punishment and empty nationalism he attempts to portray. Furthermore, the graphic imagery of the sinfulness and devilish nature of war used in the third stanza highlights the devilish and sinful representation, by comparing a comrade to a â€Å"devil sick of sin†. Owen here evaluates war as a whole, as a place where even the devil can no longer handle the horrid pain and meaningless suffering. This powerful imagery removes the Romantic ideals of patriotism substituting them with a morbid depiction of â€Å"choking† with sin. Thus, Owen eradicates the glory and valour that had been associated with war literature in the 20th Century and indicts war as a fallacy to children who are â€Å"desperate† for honour. Ultimately, Owen aims to challenge all feelings of glory and heroism that are commonly associated with war and shift these concepts to a historic fallacy where sinful and devilish behaviour arises. Alternately, Kubrick strives to explore both the harsh and unforgiving nature of the battlefield and the meaningless punishment experienced internally in the U. S Marine Corps, where even the pre-war training results in the suicide of a soldier. Each text explains the horror and meaningless punishment as a constant and predictable outcome, as wells as the horrifying and sinful behaviour that soldiers experience, however Owen’s poem â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† more effectively depicts the unpredictability of war by emphasising how disgusting war is, promoting it as foreign to any kind of valour and partisanship. How to cite War Is Unpredictable, Essays

Slang free essay sample

We speak differently in different situations. The way we speak and the choice of words depend on the situation in which the processes of communication is realized. As we are speaking about the functions of all this words in different situations we have to define â€Å"functional style† Under a â€Å"function style† we understand language means peculiar to a specific sphear of communication. The basic vocabulary is the central group of the vocabulary, its historical foundation and living core. Basic vocabulary| Informal| Formal| begin| start, get started| commence| ontinue| go on, get on| proceed| end| finish, be through, be over| terminate| child, baby| kid, brat, beam (dial. )| infant, babe (poet. )| There has been a diversion between formal and informal speech for nearly as long as language has existed, particularly after the advent of written language, which was initially used in correspondence, business and legal proceedings. Aristocrats also adopted more high-brow language also as a way of differentiating themselves from commoners, who were more likely to use colloquialisms in their interactions. Swag has different meanings throughout the world.In Australia the term swag is used to refer to the dangling luggage that a homeless man carries. Swag is also used to describe home items such as swag lamps and swag curtains, which are basically dangling versions of the original lamp and curtains (Snoops). In America, many relate the word swag to swarm which describes a certain motion of a bold, arrogant, and conceited person. So I think based on this information its easy to say that the word swag was introduced through old hip-hop, where loose clothing and sagging was the fashion and now has evolved through modern hip-hop to accommodate the newer fashion.The most common misconception about the word swag is that its often misunderstood as an acronym. Many people think that swag Is an acronym for Secretly We Are Gay. The exact origin of the word swag Is soul a mystery. Some believe the first written usage of the word swag was first written by a Gilbert Monk named Robert Manning in 1303. Manning in his poem says there was a yecch, and made a baggage, A bell of leper, a greet sewage. In this poem Manning refers to sewage as a bag. According to Oxford dictionary, swag is a verb derives from the Scandinavian word SVGA which means to rock unsteadily or lurch.This Idea Is widely accepted due to the fact that swag sounds Like It originated from the word swagger, which also means to sway. The word Is said to have entered the English language around the 13th century meaning hanging loosely (Snoops). Other meanings of swag also include a sinkhole used to collect water, a shop that sold stolen goods, or stolen loots by either pirates or criminals. Some also say that swag was used in old English movies to describe criminal loots, leading to false accusations of acronyms such as Stolen Without A Gun, Sold Without A Guarantee, and Souvenirs Warblers And Gifts.Based on this Its easy to connect swag to older or correct usage of the word swag is hard to define Just because its a slang word and there is no exact definition. According to our culture and society, I would say swag is a term used to describe a persons clothing and a part of his personality. Its easy to infer a persons personality by looking at his clothing. Different people have different personalities and some of it is shown through their dressing. This freedom of expression can show a persons values, beliefs, and culture. So, in a sense a persons swag can portray his character. Swag usually has a negative connotation due to the over usage of the word in the rap industry, but in my opinion swag is a general term that can be used by anyone. Just like the words Boom, Whack, Slop, and Kabob, swag can be used at the end of a sentence to add emphasis and humor. In conclusion, swag is an old word that has its own history but has evolved through human influence to have a completely different meaning throughout different parts of the world. Even though the overuse of the word has completely dried its value, swag still has an interesting origin and is fun to use.