Opression in a Thousand Splendid Suns Essay

Taslima Nasrin once stated: â€Å"Those religions that are abusive to ladies are likewise against majority rule government, human rights, and opportunity of articulation. † This statement additionally applies to a book called a thousand breathtaking suns by Khaled hosseini and Deepa Metha’s Film Water. A thousand mind blowing suns in a book around two ladies in Afghanistan with a damaging spouse. They battle for endurance and for their human rights that have been disregarded by the Taliban and a male centric culture. Water is a film about widows living in India. They are sent to the wide open to live with different widows as far as anyone knows so they can live unadulterated lives. In reality they are thrown away and denied the fundamental regard all people merit. Incidentally, the main way they can bring in enough cash to endure is by submitting goes about as unclean as it gets. They are compelled to go to prostitution. These two stories show that a social society’s refusal to change strict practices causes the mistreatment of ladies. The characters Mariam, kalyani, and chuyia exhibit this. Mariam is a lady living in Afghanistan from the book A Thousand Splendid Suns. Mariam grew up poor living in a little hovel rejected from society. As a youngster she was instructed distinctly to suffer and was never allowed the potential for success to have up for herself. Mariam was the little girl of a house cleaner that her dad Jalil took part in an extramarital entanglements with and he was embarrassed about this. To settle this â€Å"problem† he disposed of her. Jalil wedded her off to an a lot more seasoned man named Rasheed. Not long after the beginning of their marriage, Rasheed assaults her. He legitimizes it with the Quran. â€Å"‘It’s what hitched individuals do. It’s what the prophet himself and his spouses did. There is no disgrace. ’† (Hosseini, 77). In this statement Rasheed alludes to the prophet Muhammad in the Quran. This shows how Rasheed debased the occasions Quran, the sacrosanct Islamic content, to legitimize the assault of a little youngster who hadn’t even turned 16. Wedding little youngsters still in their adolescents is an old custom that is implanted in Islam and the Afghan culture. Society’s refusal to change this training caused the heartless embarrassment of a little youngster and over the long haul made the persecution of all ladies an acknowledged practice. Kalyani is a character in the film Water. She is a widow undoubtedly in her 20s who never met her significant other. Her better half passed on soon after her marriage and was sent to the ashram as a little youngster. Since she is the main youthful widow in the ashram she is compelled to go to prostitution to get additional cash so the widows can at any rate have enough cash for 1 feast a day. Her whole biography shows the oppression of ladies. She was hitched at around the age of 10 in view of strict conventions that have not changed in many years. This custom has enabled men to abuse ladies. This abuse is appeared through the passing of the spouse. On the off chance that the spouse bites the dust before the wife, the wife is sent away. On the off chance that the inverse happen the spouse is allowed to remarry however he sees fit. This happens as a result of the strict conviction that when a spouse bites the dust, half of the lady additionally bites the dust. This makes it simpler to abuse ladies since it causes them to appear to be not exactly human. It is likewise accepted that the demise of a spouse is discipline for something done in a past life. Society’s refusal to change postulations Hindi convictions and practices make the persecution of ladies by causing their abuse to appear to be legitimized and by causing them to appear to be not exactly human. Chuyia is a little youngster who was hitched at 8 years old and was bereaved the following day. She doesn’t even recall getting hitched yet is compelled to endure a similar destiny as Kalyani. She is youthful and blameless and her guiltlessness makes her inquiry rehearses that every other person just acknowledges. Deepa Metha utilizes this character to call attention to irregularities in the Hindi religion and conventional society. At a certain point in the story she inquires as to why there isn’t a spot for men to go on the off chance that they are bereaved. She is immediately derided by the two people. This occasion demonstrates that the refusal to change strict practices has indoctrinated the two people to acknowledge and even underwrite the mistreatment of ladies. Taslima Nasrin words are obviously attached to the subject of these two stories. She clarifies in her statement that a religion can't be giving individuals fundamental rights on the off chance that it victimizes ladies. The subject emphasizes a similar message by announcing that religion can some of the time cause persecution of ladies. These three characters show how conventions and old strict practices have made the persecution of ladies conceivable everywhere throughout the world. By showing this message in the authors’ books and motion pictures, the writers want to energize all individuals around the globe to not follow indiscriminately old customs and practices. They need individuals to choose for themselves what is correct and what's up. At the point when individuals neglect to do this, awful things begin happening, for example, the persecution, mortification, and enslavement of ladies who are in reality similarly as clever, solid, and capable as any man.

Monna Giovanni and Wife of Bath Essay Example for Free

Monna Giovanni and Wife of Bath Essay The personas made by Boccaccio and Chaucer are unique. Chaucer’s Wife of Bath gets its acknowledgment from her shrewd portrayal that depicts her as whimsical and flighty lady with certain obnoxious components while Boccaccio’s Monna is portrayed as an animal of polish and of high good height. Both these ladies are indication of two unique appearances and features of a similar age. One sign of the age is ordinary I. e. Monna Giovanni who is absolutely steadfast and dependable though other delineation is flighty that takes into thought the traditionalist standards and estimations of the contemporary time. Both Wife of Bath and Monna Giovanni hail from higher social layer. Spouse of Bath’s mentality toward men is oppressive and she encourages other ladies to do as such. She thinks of them as obscene and mean because of their uninterested mentality toward ladies. She alludes to them as dubious and hearty colleagues. (234-378) Her own mentality toward men is incomprehensible. She is hostile toward them and thinks of it as a decent practice to get best out of men. Be that as it may, she anticipates persistence from men out of resentment and urges them to copy the notable resistance of Job. She anticipates constancy from them e. g. she detests the betrayal of her fourth spouse however never guarantee them her own constancy. Rather than Wife of Bath’s musings toward men, Monna’s mentality toward men is in similarity with the socio-social measures. Spouse of Bath is doesn't act in similarity with the normal practices and conventions of the contemporary time. She doesn't meet the desires for appropriate habits of a spouse. She wedded to three matured however wealthy spouses in her childhood and acquired their riches. She is of predominant nature and attempted to abrogate her fourth spouse who was of her age. She had an awful involvement in her fifth spouse. Every one of them are presently dead yet Wife’s trusts are alive to wed once more. Through the synopsis of her wedded life (459-462), Chaucer depicts her as sharp and childish lady who not at all like the regular lady of her age doesn't wed because of marital and moral purposes however it was her materialistic wants that make her to wed old spouses. Be that as it may, again her disposition toward marriage is confusing as she adores her fifth and last spouse because of his skill in sexual relationship. Spouse of Bath has had extramarital connections too (lines 461, 467, 476). In contrast to Wife of Bath, Monna Giovanni is an embodiment of celibacy and upright. She didn't see the allurements of feelings and paid no regard to the inductions of her darlings. Boccaccio says in such manner; â€Å"However the woman, no less idealistic than reasonable, minded not a scribble for what he (Federigo) accomplished for the wellbeing of she, nor yet for him. † She weds and stays dedicated to her significant other till his passing. Besides, Wife of Bath takes love and marriage in term of monetary advantages and along these lines levels it to prostitution. She utilizes the monetary phrasing to mean to the marriage and wedding connections. As opposed to Wife of Bath, Monna considers marriage socio-social commitments and invests heavily in marital delight. Her devotion to her better half is a consequence of wedding accord. After her husband’s demise, she doesn't usurp his legacy yet forward it to their lone child. The main closeness between these characters is their beautiful and popular life. Spouse of Bath is an elegant woman enhanced with the finesse of the contemporary ensembles and trimmings. Be that as it may, Chaucer gives certain references where she appears to be over-dressed. Monna Giovanni was â€Å"in her day held position among the most attractive and most rich women of Florence†. In any case, we don't locate her inflated and over-dressed. There is an inclination of triviality about the Wife though Monna’s character conveys tastefulness and effortlessness with it.

Sharpes company Essay Example For Students

Sharpes organization Essay (Conversing with Sharpe) Listen Englishman, I can keep a house, yet not for a man who chuckles at me (Challenging Hakeswill when he is attempting to assault her) The young lady was about on to him. She had guts, for a Portuguese bitch, and he turned to the other side to dodge the rush of the pike In the film, Teresa depends on Sharpe more, she is progressively similar to an ordinary lady and she hangs tight for Sharpe to come and spare her. This again makes Sharpes character look brave. She likewise wears all the more womanly garments in the film; this is done to speak to guys. The entertainer playing Teresa is additionally more established than I had anticipated. I dont think the character of Teresa was thrown well overall. Teresa has a littler part in the film than she does in the novel and the greater part of her scenes were changed. This exacerbated the film than the novel. Knowles was excluded from the book; the purpose behind this was the scriptwriter perhaps didnt feel that it was important to utilize an entertainer for just a couple of scenes. Additionally, Knowles passes on and this wasnt appeared in the film. This was presumably in light of the fact that the film was evaluated PG and was appeared before the 9pm watershed. Someone else who was excluded was Leroy. He wasnt included in light of the fact that his character was American and British individuals probably won't have needed to see an America man battling with the English and making out that he was likewise a saint. The language in the novel and the language in the film were likewise totally different. The Officers language was increasingly formal in the novel. The language on screen has been made more cutting-edge and current. This is so individuals can comprehend the language and can watch the film as opposed to suspecting what the character was stating, in the interim forgetting about the film. There is no swearing in the film since it is a PG. This removes the adequacy on the grounds that, if men were battling and individuals were attempting to assault their spouses they would swear. There is more utilization of Spanish and French in the film. Captions can be utilized though, in a book, you cannot have captions. This makes the film increasingly successful in light of the fact that it is about a military assaulting the French and the Spanish to arrive at a spot in Spain (Badajoz). Music is utilized rather than portrayal in certain spots. I dont think this is compelling in light of the fact that you dont for the most part understand the music is there except if it is ground-breaking. Here and there the music was acceptable in light of the fact that it identified with what was happening. Different occasions the music didnt appear to relate by any means. The creators of the film Sharpes Company would have experienced numerous issues during recording including characters, setting, crowd and details. Characters: The throwing would have been an issue, getting entertainers who fitted the depiction of characters in the book. I dont think they conquered this very well with a couple of the characters. Setting: It would have been incredibly costly to develop sets like those depicted in the novel. The set would need to be in a credible area. They couldnt have picked Badajoz today since it is a cutting edge town which looks not at all as it did in the war. Additionally, cast and team couldnt be moved exceptionally far on account of costs. Crowd: The crowd likewise had an extremely enormous influence in the recording. No sex, brutality or swearing due to the PG rating and the watershed. Sean Bean was cast to pull in ladies and the topic of battling pulled in men. Details: Because there were bunches of fighters in the novel and the spending plan couldnt stretch to utilize loads of entertainers, distinctive camera edges could be utilized to make the figment of more men. .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 , .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 .postImageUrl , .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 , .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17:hover , .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17:visited , .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17:active { border:0!important; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17:active , .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17:hover { haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ucdd 2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Documentary - Bowling for Columbine EssayI dont think this was exceptionally compelling. I have considered everything and my fundamental purpose behind picking the novel over the film is that the novel is progressively illustrative and leaving. Despite the fact that there was all the more holding up in the novel, the final product was better. The characters were totally unique to what I had envisioned, particularly Hakeswill. None of the bloody parts could be appeared in the film, which made it less leaving. I figure it would merit including the entirety of the swearing and the shocking bits and making the film a 18, this would make the film on a par with the novel, if worse.

Management and Development of Business for Sustainability Resources

The board and Development of Business for Sustainability Resources Presentation The asset based hypothesis essentially investigates associations inner abilities concerning the detailing of systems that are planned to accomplish maintainable upper hand both at the market and in the ventures where an association operates.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Management and Development of Business for Sustainability Resources explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More truth be told, this hypothesis manages the serious condition of an association however applies the back to front methodology. The hypothetical investigation begins with the inward condition of the association. Thus, the hypothesis is regularly seen as an elective trade for the Porters five powers system which takes a gander at the outer condition while taking the outside-in or the modern structure as the beginning stage. This paper analyzes the manner in which inward assets of the firm add to the associations achievement and maintainability. More accentuation is outfitted towards the job and nature of impalpable and substantial assets concerning the thought of dynamic capacities of an association. The paper additionally surveys the accessible writing to conceal light on the asset based hypothesis approach and to relate it to how the interior assets of an association add to the achievement of association and the picking up of upper hand. The asset based way to deal with the association system The asset based hypothesis is definitely not another way to deal with the association methodology, however it is somewhat a procedure that has long forerunner with joins returning to the early works of Penrose. By and by, the asset based hypothesis is significantly connected with works of researchers like Rumelt, Barney, Prahalad and Hamel just as Peteraf and Grant. These researchers put a great deal of accentuation on the associations inside assets and abilities in planning the authoritative procedures (De Wall 2007, p.209).Advertising Looking for repo rt on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As showed, the resourced based view considers the association inside capacities and assets in detailing the association procedure in order to accomplish the reasonable upper hand inside market just as at the business levels (Barney Clark 2007, p.189). In circumstances where the association has abilities and assets that can be sorted out and revamped for an organization to accomplish the ideal upper hand over contending firms, the association point of view gets back to front (Barney Clark 2007, p.189). Generally, the organization capacities become the determinant of the vital decisions the organization makes while rivaling others in the outside condition. Likewise, in specific circumstances, the abilities of the association may allow the production of new markets other than increasing the value of the association customers (Miles 2012, p.212). This has plainly be en portrayed by the Toyota half and half vehicles and the Apple iPod. In these cases, obviously the association abilities are principal to the formation of the associations upper hand. It is likewise basic to take note of that the abilities will empower an association to lay a lot of accentuation on the arrangement of its worth chain exercises. The explanation is that the organization will have a possibility of recognizing the skills inside its worth chain exercises that make accessible the most upper hand (De Wall 2007, p.209). For example, the much adored Toyota producing framework that utilizes the inbound coordinations as astounding stock and material control framework guarantee that the degrees of the stock are sufficiently adequate to fulfill the requests of the clients.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Management and Development of Business for Sustainability Resources explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This framework guarantees that the stock and the materials are conveyed before the clients request for the get together. Investigating the different exercises that are engaged with the worth chain, for example, tasks, there are effective computerized plants with inbuilt quality control frameworks. These are bolstered by administrations through the use of guarantees and insurances, deals and promoting which is increased through the notices just as business systems. At Toyota Corporation, the worth chain exercises are connected over the organization tasks. The linkages between the organization esteem chain to those of its providers are structured so that it gives Toyota unmistakable ability over its rivals or the center capabilities. It is these center abilities that give upper hand to Toyota. Additionally, Toyota is likewise fit for appropriating the additional worth that it gets from these worth chain exercises. An unmistakable model is seen where Toyota US makes bigger benefit than three consolidated biggest vehicle firms in the US. Desouza (2005, p.89) attests that, in circumstances where firms in a similar industry are confronted with comparable conditions, the desires are that, putting different things to be equivalent, the organizations will have practically equivalent benefits. Be that as it may, this isn't really the situation. There is a wide variety as far as productivity by firms in a similar industry as portrayed by the UK retail store chain TESCO and its rival Sainsbury. The Porters contention that the modern framework whereby firms capacities and the way in which firms position themselves inside the framework decides every one of these organizations gainfulness. This differentiations the asset based view that doesn't take a gander at the business structure rather novel bundle of assets together with abilities that every association has (Barney Clark 2007, p.189).Advertising Searching for report on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The defenders of the resourceds of the scholarly assets include copyrights just as licenses that are gotten from the innovative assets of the association. For example, the Dayson fabricating organization depends vigorously on the immaterial scholarly asset of the inventive creative originator, Dayson James. This licensed innovation has never been imitated by any contender to Dayson producing organization. Unsaid information inside an association is worked through the authoritative culture and procedures. The representatives of such an association have implied information that can't be promptly moved. The positive attitude notoriety of an association is continually being recognized as fundamental substantial resource that can be harmed effectively through negative promoting efforts and badly thought methodologies (Barney 1991, p.109). Organizations like Benetton made a point by permitting banter over their dubious commercials. The discussion appeared to similarly draw the two spoilers and supporters while simultaneously increasing helpful and free exposure. In addition, the manner in which Johnson and Johnson reacted to the evil intruding with their item Tylenol guaranteed that its notoriety reliably continued at the top. Abilities As recently demonstrated, the presence of associations assets doesn't present any profit to the association except if they are placed into gainful use. It is the viable and inventive adaptation of these assets that give abilities to the association. A competency can be depicted as the characteristic that the organization needs to be in a superior situation to contend suitably in the commercial center (Barney 2010, p.45). Abilities are comprehended similar to the essential to the firm’s competiveness inside the business. The capabilities alone don't anyway give to the association any upper hand (Beaver 2002, p.213). Indeed, the capabilities should be thought of being gotten from the organization inner heap of assets. For example , for organizations to contend well inside the vehicle business, they should be in control of information imperative to structure and production the car motor and body. Such information will empower the organizations to adequately contend inside the business regardless of their asset capacities (Barney 2010, p.10). Center capabilities Hamel and Prahalad (1990) contend that the most fundamental obligation for the organization supervisors is to thought of items that are expected to fulfill the client requests, yet such items have not been envisioned. So as to accomplish this goal, the organization the board must go past the association limits as opposed to concentrating on particular and separate key specialty units. Basically, Hamel and Prahalad (1993) were on the whole correct to guarantee that capabilities are gotten from aggregate individual learning inside the association just as the capacity to work over the association limits. Consequently, a center competency or particular abi lities can be depicted as a gathering of traits controlled by the association that empower it to achieve the upper hand (Barney 2010, p.110). This infers, it is the capacity of the organization to design its assets in a manner that permits the organization to effectively contend inside the commercial center. The great instances of organizations that have accomplished the key skills are Dell and Benetton. Dell has accomplished the center competency by the manner in which it has designed its worth chains. Associations have stressed to copy the dells model of direct deals yet they have effectively fizzled. Essentially, Toyota fabricating organization has accomplished its center competency in the creation of petroleum and-electric half breed vehicles. All things considered, this can't be estimated with the primary mover advantage. In fact, this emerges to be the sole

For Applicants

For Applicants I know its late in the college application seasonthe deadline is near and the pressure is onbut for all of you who are still typing away at your application essays, fretting over phrasing and wondering what to say, take a look at admitsphere.org. Admitsphere was devised by a floormate of mine, Jacob Cole 14, along with Prabhav Jain 14 and Merry Mou 16, to sustain high school students through the application process. Here, successful college admits post their college application essays and offer advice/tutorials for younger students. Their ambition is to become a central, open-source, online hub that high school students look to in order to learn how to win at high school, college applications, and life.” In other words, to help you! From Jacob: “We believe that you shouldnt need to buy an expensive book or pay an independent college counselor to get real college essays and relevant advice. Through collaboration, we can give everyone access to the inside knowledge they need to write a powerful application, regardless of their financial situation or the quality of their schools college counseling.“ Enjoy. If your brain grows numb and your eyes go hazy from the computer screen, go for a walk and look at some trees: Rowena, the sister; Nola, the dog; Home, the place. And if youre still freaking out, be glad youre not a duck. My fourteen-year-old brother has taken an interest in raising birds, and while these ducks were, at one time, rather fuzzy and adorable, their incessant quacking makes me think theyd have a difficult time composing an elegant college application. Youre smarter than a duck, and you can write better too. Have confidence, and have fun!

Artistic Expression of Caring Essaypilot

Introduction Nurses perform the art of caring when not just concentrating on signs and manifestations but rather on the wealthier, more profound holistic associations that result from ensuring and preserving a patients health. Gaining a patients trust through regard coupled with care is essential to becoming a competent nurse practitioner. The nursing theoretical foundation itself is characteristically all-encompassing. Patient-care shouldnt be one-dimensional. This paper discusses the importance of care to nursing and how art is expressed in nursing practice. The Definition of Caring Care is utilized as a part of nursing to meet individual bio-psychosocial and holistic needs by gathering information to make individualized intercessions to enhance the patient health. The nursing profession from Florence Nightingales period, caring has been the premise of practice. Patient-centred care is essential in giving care efficiently. Avant and Walker (2011) analysis structure give insights of the fundamen tal properties of caring. This incorporates the definition of caring, essential qualities, precursors, results, and the impression of caring from both the nurse and patient perspective. Making an inference of caring significance, thereof. The crucial concept in nursing discipline is caring hence caring is the standard goal of the nursing calling. Rhodes, Morris and Lazenby (2011) allude caring as having three sorts. They are profound care, purposeful care and personality constituting care, which all relate to the level of care an individual needs keeping in mind the end goal to meet their fulfilment of being nurtured. What is fundamental among them is that the nurse gives care readily while the patient returns a cognizant support for appreciation. How Art is used in Nursing Mixing science and craftsmanship can reinforce healthcare suppliers training and their expert advancement. In the 70s, artistry in healthcare was utilized primarily for practical purposes however, by the 90s their role became research-based (Cox et al., 2010). This extension has been appeared to impact different measurements of wellbeing and ailment, frequently supporting the recuperating procedure (McCaffrey Purnell, 2007). Writing including art in nursing has been utilized to help perceive and comprehend intriguing circumstances and to improve the process of reflection. Studies demonstrate that when nurses take part in intelligent practice by using craftsmanship, they can express their inward contemplations and emotions all the more effortlessly, increment their social affectability and oversee moral and compassionate measurements of care all the more successfully (Robinson, 2007b). Studies have indicated advantages of nurses utilizing artistry to think about their training, for example, understanding circumstances, communicating their sentiments all the more enthusiastically, and winding up touchier to patients encounters. Besides, nurses reflecting through artistry may likewise be supported by their story encounters with patients, families, and their contemplations, to distinguish and talk about their present and future individual and professional advancement. Example: Formal Correspondence of Art When initially considering nursing artistry, it emphasizes that expert nursing care is discernable from the regular and inborn care of individuals. Distinguishes nursing from straightforward providing care that the previous is a purposefully settled benevolent process, which endeavours to ingrain a want to help other people in ailment, in well-being, in death and recuperation building up and managing care in a possible arrangement of information. Aside from this theoretical method of information, it is conceivable to set up various types of presentation of care as it is authorized in regular day to day existence, which can be depicted as logical proof in nursing. Scientific evidence in nursing is an authority and ritualized kind of correspondence appearing as scientific writing, which incorporates a publication committee and is spread in print or electronic shape. Inside formal correspondence, one can locate an assorted exhibit of writings identified with studies directed under personal or potentially quantitative strategy, and individual reflections, publications, academic discourses and other artistic articles. Literature might be a procedure of correspondence, a system, an inventive aggregate process, a space of experimentation (typo) graphical, an exhaustive and practical arrangement for the amassing and dispersal of tasks, a procedure of reproduction and an ideological vehicle and also part of the necessary foundation. As an innovative typographical process and story, the scientific writing would be bits of nursing art. As likewise would be different distributions of nursing affiliations, (for example, sites about hypothesis, logic and nursing models) which add to universal nursing awareness. Story frames (exploration, criticism, publications) revealed by scientific journals, are an aesthetic account demonstration of nursing uncovered by composed correspondence of the experience of associations with others with regards to proficient caregiving. Composed articulations displayed before an informed audience might be acknowledged, condemned or reutilized by the nursing profession to show qualities of the care calling and the art of care. Conclusion In every snapshot of providing care, nurses can make obvious our craft, and in the meantime, we can express it in activities that are admirable in themselves as art. Proficient training, and inventive mediations such as reproductions, is new difficulties to help in the understanding and the correspondence of stylish examples in nursing. Consequently, we are our craft guardians, who endeavour to comprehend the specialty of nursing, condemning our particular type of care and positively raising it to an excellent demonstration that is given with regards to an association with others. References Cox, S., Lafreniere, D., Bret-MacLean, P., Collie, K., Cooley, N., Dunbrack, J. and Frager, G. (2010) Tipping the iceberg? The state of arts and health in Canada. Arts and Health. 2(2) pp. 109-124. McCaffrey, R. and Purnell, M. (2007) from experience to integration: the arts in nursing education. Nursing Education Perspective. 28(2) pp. 72-77. Rhodes, M.K.,Ð’ Morris, A.H. andÐ’ Lazenby, R.B. (2011) Nursing at Its Best: Competent and Caring. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 16, 1.Robinson, S. (2007b) Holistic health promotion: putting the art into nursing education. Nurse Education in Practice. 7. pp. 173-180.Walker, L., Avant, K. (2011). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (5thÐ’ Ed.) New York: Prentice Hall.

Symptoms of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

The symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome can vary depending on which type of thoracic outlet syndrome you have. And since it is a group of disorders not all symptoms may be present or even constant. Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome The most common type of thoracic outlet syndrome is Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome where the brachial plexus is compressed. By some estimates, 95% of all thoracic outlet syndromes are neurological in nature. Compression of these nerves results in symptoms such as: Pain in your neck and shouldersAn ache throughout your armAn ache in your handNumbness, partial loss of sensation or tingling in your fingersA weakening in your grip strengthGilliatt-Sumner hand, which is when muscles of the hand, particularly around the base of the thumb, atrophy or waste away Many of the symptoms of the neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome are similar to other nerve-related repetitive stress injuries where swelling or inflammation presses on the nerve. This can send shooting pains or radiate aching throughout the affected area. Compression of a nerve can also restrict the signals flowing along the nerve resulting in a loss of sensation or tingling. Since the nerves control the actions of the muscles if the signals are lost or otherwise affected the muscles cannot operate efficiently and you experience weakness. With a prolonged loss of nerve supply, the muscles will atrophy and waste away to be reabsorbed by the body. Vascular Thoracic Outlet Syndrome In Vascular Thoracic Outlet Syndrome where either the subclavian artery or the subclavian vein are compressed symptoms are consistent with reduced blood flow such as: Pain and possible swelling of the armA loss of color at your extremities (hand and/or fingers)A weak pulse in your armA bluish discoloration of your extremities (hand and/or fingers)Infarcts, or tiny spots (usually black) on your extremities (hand and/or fingers)A throbbing lump near your collarboneA blood clot under your collarbone (known as a subclavian thrombosis) The symptoms of vascular thoracic outlet syndrome are typical complications resulting from reduced blood flow. Low blood supply can show up as pallor or loss of color as well as a weak pulse. This is most likely associated with compression of the subclavian artery on the supply side of things. That compression may also result in a throbbing lump near your color bone a result of an area of higher blood pressure as the nominal blood supply is forced through a smaller opening. Restriction of the subclavian vein on the return side can lead to a buildup of oxygen-depleted blood resulting in a bluish discoloration. It can also show itself in the form of pain and swelling as the blood pressure increases from a normal supply and a reduced ability to return it to the heart causing a backup of blood in the arm. Reduced blood flow from either the supply or the return side can increase the chance of a thrombosis or blood clot as well as infarcts. A loss of blood supply may also contribute to muscle atrophy in some cases but the reduction in vascular thoracic outlet syndrome is not normally considered great enough to cause atrophy without causing other major concerns first. Non-Specific Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Non-specific Thoracic Outlet Syndrome is so named because the cause is not clearly identifiable. In these cases, the symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome may be a combination of both neurogenic and vascular disorders or simply a pain or ache throughout the arms and shoulders or around the upper chest and collarbone.

A Peaceful Day Of A Crummy Condo - 1625 Words

It was a peaceful day in a crummy condo. Kade and I were sitting in his room. An hour of AP Social Studies homework and 7th grade English homework in when a gust of wind came through the closed window. How do I put this, there was a noise. A very dim, subtle noise. A ZING,ssive, easygoing way, and the women said to us in a soft, calm voice, â€Å"We are your parents, we want to take you home†. My brother and I were abandoned when he was 6 months old. One morning my father was making me chocolate chip pancakes and the next, I was alone. Imagine a five year old calling 911 saying your parents were abducted by aliens. That’s what I wanted to believe. After I turned 10, I realized that every prayer wasn’t worth it. My parents were never coming back. My brother and I were taken to Child Services the next day and we sent to Billy and Jen’s house, me scared little 5 year old about to take on a world of responsibilities. We got home and Billy gave me a puppy and told me that she was there for me when they weren’t and to take care of my brother. They left me there for a week, so I called Miss Tammy, the child services lady and she took me to a new home. We stayed there until I turned 13. It was a group home and they gave us food, shelter, and, educational opportunities. But no true compassion or a parent like figure. When I realized that we were never g oing to get the love we deserve, I took Kade in the middle of the night and found an abandoned condo. It had all the amenities that a

The Spiritual Influence Of Angelology And Demonology

THE SPIRITUAL INFLUENCE OF ANGELOLOGY AND DEMONOLOGY My knowledge regarding Angelology and Demonology has increased with this class. I have a healthy understanding of how the various mythologies of different cultures and societies through these many thousands of years have effected our interpretation of both angels and demons. All of the various readings throughout this course have built layer upon layer as to the diverse ideas concerning angels and demons. My personal presuppositions clearly have been influenced while opening my eyes to long held misconceptions as well as solidifying other concepts of interpretation I have long held. The reading of the various texts; the Pseudepigrapha, the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Apocrypha, various Jewish literature, and other religious traditions and their mythologies pertaining to the historical background of the origin of evil provide the basis for a clearer understanding and will help me in my further teaching of others regarding proper interpretations. The readings within the Dictionary of Deities and Demons provided a thorough understanding of the nature of Lilith, the Gilgamesh mythology, the various names of Satan, the fallen angels, etc. What is clear is how carefully balanced the origins of evil is against the loving goodness that our Father offers us in our choices in our every day life. The readings concerning Zoroastrianism and its various influences upon our Judaic and Christian traditions were clearly

The Birth Of A Marathoner - 1015 Words

The birth of a marathoner Challenging and exhilarating. Difficult and glorious. Inspiring and empowering. Childbirth and marathons. No one ever said either one was easy, but most everyone agrees that each effort is well worth the pain. One mom who has undertaken both activities in her lifetime illustrates how comparable and rewarding she found the experiences to be. A fitting analogy When I first took up the challenge of running a marathon, another woman at work offered the sage wisdom that the experience was analogous to childbirth. She was specifically referring to the physical exertion (read: the pain and the agony) with the actual run and the parallels with labor and delivery. Trust me - it goes beyond that. As I reflect back on the five month training and race day experience, the similarities to pregnancy AND childbirth are quite astounding. It started with the decision to DO IT. No big deal -- whether visions of a cuddly, baby-powdered cherub upon realizing you re pregnant or anticipation of the glory of finishing a marathon -- both life-altering experiences were far enough away to leave me feeling energized by the thought of having a project to work on and a goal to achieve. I was thirsty for knowledge when I was pregnant with my son, William. After all, I was 29, and I didn t want to blow it. Being well-educated, but in nothing that was remotely relevant to real life, I read everything in sight and talked to everyone I knew who had ever had a child. What wasShow MoreRelatedNike Report13324 Words   |  54 Pages5K on a consistent basis (marathoners for example) The US market is the most lucrative with a higher volume than Europe and Asia-Pacific. The rate of revenue growth over the past five years is most prominent in Asia-Pacific with the US market coming in second and Europe last of these three sectors (Datamonitor, 2006a, b c). Population Size The world’s population has been growing over the last several years, but the US has seen a decline in birth rates (US Consensus). ThisRead MoreAdidas Marketing Plan20768 Words   |  84 Pageselements†©incorporated†©within†©them,†©as†©exemplified†©in†©the†©newly†©released†©Star†©Wars†©line.†© With†©the†©continued†©popularity†©of†©Star†©Wars†©movies,†©video†©games,†©and†©memorabilia,†©adidas†© has†©captured†©a†©new†©way†©to†©cater†©to†©its†©target†©market.†©This†©led†©to†©the†©birth†©of†©the†©Star†©Wars†© line,†©which†©provides†©consumers†©with†©Star†©Wars†©inspired†©apparel†©and†©footwear.†©This†©Star†© Wars†©collection†©is†©just†©one†©example†©ofâ⠂¬ ©adidas†©offerings†©that†©tap†©into†©a†©new†©niche†©market.†© The†©Performance†©line†©of†©production†©caters†©to†©the†©athleteRead MoreAdidas Marketing Plan20779 Words   |  84 Pageselements†©incorporated†©within†©them,†©as†©exemplified†©in†©the†©newly†©released†©Star†©Wars†©line.†© With†©the†©continued†©popularity†©of†©Star†©Wars†©movies,†©video†©games,†©and†©memorabilia,†©adidas†© has†©captured†©a†©new†©way†©to†©cater†©to†©its†©target†©market.†©This†©led†©to†©the†©birth†©of†©the†©Star†©Wars†© line,†©which†©provides†©consumers†©with†©Star†©Wars†©inspired†©apparel†©and†©footwear.†©This†©Star†© Wars†©collection†©is†©just†©one†©example†©of†©adidas†©offerings†©that†©tap†©into†©a†©new†©niche†©market.†© The†©Performance†©line†©of†©production†©caters†©to†©the†©athlete

Exam Free Essays

Which methods would you use to conduct a study? Be specific. Compare (qualitative) ethnographic interviews with (quantitative) survey research. Be aware of research ethics. We will write a custom essay sample on Exam or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is informed consent? What does the American Anthropological Association recommend regarding ethics (read about this in Cotta)? What practical problems can emerge during research? Examples include housing, personal safety, language, and access to research subjects. Contemplate this for your proposal. Recognize the major theoretical trends and how each trend approaches analyzing data. If I provide a description of a study, you should be able to determine which trend the author(s) used to help Interpret their data. (Understand how these trends helped formulate Ideas about culture. ) What Is a â€Å"reflexive† or â€Å"postmodern† ethnography (see Cotta, p. 4749, and Small)? For Smalls Voyages: From Tong Villages to American Suburbs, lectures and video clips: How did Cathy Smalls subject position affect her relationships with Tongs and the results of her research? What kinds of research techniques did she use? What dilemmas did she face? What was daily life like in Tong in the asses? Housing conditions? Daily activities of men and women? What changes had already taken place in tap and mat making, uses of cash? What changes had taken place in ‘Lounge and tap and mat making by the asses and then by 2010? What was Tong’s social structure O. E. , social divisions among people) before Europeans arrived? What were some major changes Introduced during and after contact with Europeans? How id the social structure, land tenure and politics change from the asses to asses to 2010? Why were Tong people migrating to the U. S. , Australia and New Zealand? How did life and their social status change? What was their life like in the U. S.? What kinds of Jobs did they have? How did they feel about all of this? Compare the experiences and views of Seta and Mann, their daughters, Mali and Tat, Paul/ Emma, and Final. What did being Tong mean to each of them? How did Seta and Mann help other relatives? How did Tong migrants try to maintain the â€Å"Tong ay†? How did migration and remittances affect life and politics in Tong? In particular, how did migration and remittances affect family and religious celebrations? How did migration affect the migrant’s social status (in the U. S. And In Tong)? Make sure you understand the following about Tong culture: organization of families (multiple generations In one household, children being adopted or moving between households, lots of visiting and long-term stays by relatives, separation of brothers and sisters after puberty, roles of eldest sister and eldest brother, and How to cite Exam, Papers Exam Free Essays They are already living in an expensive environment cause by the inflation. Are they also have o pay extra tex for the weste levy? Which Is very unfair to the poor families pay for the levy. Besides the SMEs are also affected by waste levy, especially those in the catering industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Exam or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of the investigations, found out that about one-third of the disposal Is the food waste, so the catering Industry has to bear the brunt of waste levy. To those small restaurants, waste levy is increased their economic burden, and they will probably turn this tex burden to d third party, so they may Increase the price ot their tood. As a result, the citizens and customers will take up the additional ost of levy for the restaurants, so it doesn’t help the Hong Kong econornic as well. Beside the problems to the SMEs and domestic families, the efficiency of waste levy is judging by the people, some of the people think this levy Is useless and wasting money. About the waste levy, there are two wap to implement this levy, one is the equal-share system. and one is collected individually on household basis. The equal- share system which means the levy Is charged by building, the levy Is shared between the residents. And this system may cause some unfair situations because of the residents have different amount of disposal. BLit f the levy Is based on household inefficient, besides there are many unsolved problems, for examples, should the levy be charged by volume or by weight of the waste? How to cite Exam, Papers Exam Free Essays Himachal Pradesh University Journal, July 2011 Automated Integrated University Examination System Mohini Bhardwaj*1 Amar Jeet Singh** INTRODUCTION Information   and   Communication   Technology   (ICT)   has   become   a   valuable,   decisive   and   critical   resource   for   individuals,   communities,   enterprises   and   organisations. ICT   has   reached   at   every   door   step,   but   its   protenctial  has  not  been  fully  utilised. ICT  is  a  very  helpful  tool  for  providing  good  governance  by  bringing   a   sea? hange   in   the   working   of   organisations   and   institutions. We will write a custom essay sample on Exam or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most   of   the   developing   countries   now   understand  the  importance  of  ICT  and  have  been  adopting  it  as  a  basic  tool  for  good  governance. The  new   ICT   mediated   good   governance   is   also   called   e? governance. In   most   of   the   government   run   Indian   Universities,   examination   system   is   managed   manually. The   manual   examination   system   is   facing   many   problems   such   as   not   declaring   examination   results   in   time   and   accurately. ICT   is   an   effective   tool   for   integrating  and  automating   various  activities  of  examination  system  at  different  administrative  levels  to   bring  reliable,  efficient,  scalable,  transparent  and  robust  e? governance  solutions. NEED OF ICT IN EXAMINATION SYSTEM In   Indian   higher   education   system,   there   has   been   many   fold   increase   in   its   institutional   capacity   since   independence. As  per  University  Grants  Commission  (2008)  report  titled  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Higher  Education  in  India? Issues   related  to  expansion,  inclusiveness,  quality  and  finance†,  the  number  of  universities  in  India  has  increased   from   20   in   1950   to   about   431   in   2008,   colleges   from   500   in   1950   to   20,677   in   2008   and   enrolment   of   students   has   increased   from   mere   100,000   in   1950   to   11,612,000   in   2008. The   Gross   Enrolment   Ratio   (GER)  i. e. which  is  a  ratio  of   persons  enrolled  in  higher  education  institutions  to  total  population  of  the   persons  in  age  group  of  18  to  23,  rose  from  0. 7%  in  1950  to  about  11%  in  2007   Still  the  fact  remains  that   the  GER  in  India  is  quite  low  compared  to  that  of  the  developed  countries  and  world  average  ha ving  GERs   54. 6   %   and   23. 2%   respectively. Indian   government   aims   to   bring   GER   to   15   %   by   2012. India’s   higher   education  system  is  the  third  largest  in  the  world  next  to  China  and  United  States. Student  enrolment  at   university  level  and  at  collegiate  level  is  increasing  manifold. The  management  of  examination  data  of  the *Research  Scholar,  Department  of  Computer  Science,  H. P. University,  Shimla   **Associate  Professor,  Department  of  Computer  Science,  H. P. University,  Shimla 1 Himachal Pradesh University Journal, July 2011 large   number   of   students   is   a   very   tiresome   and   a   complex   job   involving   different   types   of   data   by   different  administrative  line   branches. According   to   Sofield   (2000),   many  developing   countries  have   not   taken  up  ICT  to  the  fullest  possible  extent  as  a  means  of  reaching  increased  socio? economic  development. Educational   institutions   are   also   increasingly   recognizing   the   importance   of   ICT   in   education   and   examination  reforms. ICT,  as  an  assortment  of  new  computing  and  communication  artifacts,  is  a  rapidly  advancing  technology. ICT  has  provided  means  for  faster  and  better  communication,  efficient  storage,  retrieval  and  processing  of   data   and   exchange   and   utilization   of   information   to   its   users,   be   they   individuals,   groups,   businesses,   organizations  or  governments. ICT  has  the  potential  to  provide  better  services  to  the  citizens,  interaction   with  business  enterprises  and  communication  and  exchange  of  information  between  different  agencies  of   the  government  in  a  speedy,  convenient,  efficient  and  transparent  manner. If  optimum  potential  of  ICT  is utilised,  it  can  definitely  increase  efficiency  and  effectiveness  of  the  system. The  cases  of  Indian  railway   computerization  and  online  banking  are  the  candidate  examples  demonstrating  the  benefits  of  ICT. Thus,   ICT  has  become  indispensable  and  an  effective  tool  of  growth  in  any  society. The  nature  of  technology  is   that   everything   becomes   almost   transparent   once   it   is   ingrained   in   everyday   life. In   his   2004   Independence   Day   speech,   Dr. A. P. J. Abdul   Kalam,   the   then   President   of   India,   said   that   â€Å"there   is   a   demand  for  a  more  transparent  and  reliable  system  of  examination,  evaluation  and  reporting†. EXAMINATION SYSTEM IN INDIAN UNIVERSITIES Examination  occupies  a  very  significant  place  in  a  university  system. Examination  is  an  instrument  to  test   what   the   student   has   learned   and   retained   in   his   mind   during   course   of   study. University   examinations   have  stimulating  effect  on  both  students  and  teachers. To  the  Student,  it  gives  a  goal  toward  which  he  is   directed  and  impels  him  to  attain  that  goal  with  in  specified  period  of  time. Examination  may  be  used  as  a   means   to   organize   and   integrate   knowledge,   it   encourages   student   to   go   through   various   books   and   integrate  ideas  to  respond  to  a  given  problem. For  a  teacher  too,  examination  gives  a  stimulus  and  goal   orientation  to  his  work. In  a  nutshell,  we  may  say  that  examinations  are  inevitable,  without  examination   the  work  of  students  and  teachers  will  neither  have  precision  and  any  direction. Examination  is  always  an   effective  instrument  to  evaluate  the  quality  and  quantity  of  knowledge  or  say  learning  in  a  specific  field   Mishra  (1988). University  examinations  are  conducted  for  each  stage  at  the  end  of  the  academic  session. There  is  hardly  any  month  for  which  there  is  no  exam. Examinations  continue  for  months  causing  physical   and   mental   stress   both   for   students   as   well   as   for   university   administration. Declaration   of   results   also   takes  very  long  time  owing  to  which  students  remain  ideal  for  months  together. Moreover,  the  dates  of   examinations   and   those   of   declaration   of How to cite Exam, Essay examples Exam Free Essays

Significance of Cloud Computing In Business-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Advantages as well as disadvantages of Cloud computing for Business. Answer: Introduction The paper mainly reflects on the advantages as well as disadvantages of cloud computing for business. The main of the paper is to reflect the significance of cloud computing in business organizations. According to Avram (2014), cloud computing is defined as a type of computing that mainly relies on sharing various resources of computing rather than having personal devices or local servers for handling different type of applications. It is identified that cloud computing helps in offering number of benefits to the business organization which include enhancing scalability, business continuity, collaboration efficiency as well as flexibility of work practices (Oliveira, Thomas and Espadanal 2014). However, it is found that the utilization of cloud computing also creates number of challenges for the business that include downtime, privacy and security, vulnerability, flexibility and platform dependencies. In this assignment, numbers of journal articles are reviewed in order to identify the advantages as well as disadvantages of cloud computing for business. The paper also provides number of strategies that are helpful in resolving the challenges that the business face by moving to cloud. Project objective The main objectives of the project are as follows: To identify the advantages of cloud computing for business organizations To identify the disadvantages of cloud computing for business To illustrate methods as well as strategies that are helpful in mitigating the challenges of cloud computing within business organizations Project scope The project scope illustrates that number of journal articles are reviewed for elaborating the advantages as well as disadvantages of cloud computing for business. The paper also helps in reflecting the significances of cloud computing in benefitting organizations by reducing cost and for allowing the business organization to concentrate properly on their business rather focusing on infrastructure as well as IT related issues. Literature Review Advantages of Cloud computing for business According to Khanagha, Volberda and Oshri (2014), business organization of all sizes is generally shifting their data as well as application to cloud computing environment for taking advantages of the benefits that are offered by cloud computing. It is identified that cloud computing helps in offering number of benefits to the business organizations. It helps in providing proper flexibility of connecting the business irrespective of time and place. The benefits that are provided to the business are as follows: Reducing IT costs: It is stated by Gai and Steenkamp (2014), that the use of cloud computing within business organization helps in reducing the cost of maintaining as well as managing the IT system. It is identified that the business organization does not have to buy expensive system as well as equipment for the business rather they can minimize the cost by utilizing the resources that are provided with the help of cloud computing service provider. It is opined by Sultan (2014) that the operating cost of the business reduces because the cost that is related with system upgrades, new hardware and software are generally incorporated within the contract. In addition to this, the organizations do not have to pay wages to the expert staff and the cost related with energy consumption reduces. The environment of cloud computing also helps in enabling the business to scale their storage as well as compute needs that is helpful in keeping the cost low. Scalability: The business organizations can easily scale down their different operations as well as storage requirements in order to suit with the situation by allowing appropriate flexibility, as changes are required (Chou 2015). The business organizations do not have to purchase as well as install various types of expensive upgrades as cloud computing service provider is helpful in handling the operation easily. It is identified that moving the business to cloud helps in freeing time that can be utilized for running the business. Business Continuity: According to Rittinghouse and Ransome (2016), the most significant part of business continuity plan is to provide proper protection to the data as well as system. Moving the business to cloud is found to be advantageous for the businesses organizations as they can easily back up their data as well as information even if the business experiences natural disaster or power failure (Hashem et al. 2015). This is because the data as well as information of the business organization are securely stored within the cloud, which can be blackened at any time whenever required. It is identified that being able to access the data quickly helps in allowing the business to conduct with the operation of the organization as usual by reducing or mitigating any type of downtime or productivity loss. Collaboration efficiency: It is identified by Tsohou, Lee and Irani (2014) that collaboration in business organization by utilizing cloud environment helps the business in providing the ability to share as well as communicate more easily outside various types of traditional methods. It is identified that if a project manager is working on different location other than the project location then by utilizing cloud, the project manager can access information about the progress of the project. The use of cloud computing also provides the opportunity to select appropriate model for sharing the records to the advisors. The model is mainly selected for making the process of file sharing easier. Flexibility: Cloud computing allows the employees to become quite flexible in different work practices. The employees can easily access data from home with the help of commute. In addition to this, the employees can also access data while they are off site as the virtual office can be connected quite easily as well as quickly. Access to automatic updates: According to Rai, Sahoo and Mehfuz (2013), the cloud computing service provider helps in allowing employees to access automatic updates as it is included within the service fee. It is identified that based on the cloud computing service provider, the system will utilize the facility of automatic update for updating the system with various types of latest technology. These generally include various types of up-to date versions of software for upgrading servers as well as computing processing powers. Portability: Cloud computing within the business organization helps in offering appropriate benefit of portable applications (Goyal 2014). It is identified that business applications as well as data are generally moved from various infrastructure of computing to the cloud without any facing difficulty by providing proper business flexibility for managing both data as well as applications. Manageability: It is opined by Chou (2015), Cloud computing helps in providing enhanced as well as simplified IT management and capabilities of maintenance through central administration of resources, SLA backed agreements as well as vendor managed infrastructure. It is identified that It infrastructure related updates as well as maintenance are generally eliminated as various types of resources are generally maintained with the help of service provider. The business can utilize simple interface that is web based for accessing application, software as well as services without appropriate need of installation (Chang, Walters and Wills 2013). SLA helps in ensuring timely as well as guaranteed management, maintenance as well as delivery of various IT services. Disadvantages of cloud computing for Business It is identified that despite of the advantages of cloud computing, there are number of disadvantages that the organization faces due to their move towards business organization. The disadvantages include: Downtime: It is considered as one of the worst disadvantage of cloud computing. It is identified that cloud computing systems are mainly internet based which means that the entire access of the system is dependent on the connection of internet. If the internet service is not proper and it suffers from various types of frequent outrages then the cloud, computing is not suitable for the business organization. It is stated by Ali, Khan and Vasilakos (2015) that the most reliable service providers of cloud computing also suffer due to improper connection of internet. It is very much important to reduce the impact as well as amount of this type of occurrences for ensuring appropriate level of service availability for both the customers as well as staff. Security Issues: According to Stieninger and Nedbal (2014), any discussion that involves data should address proper privacy as well as security especially when the most important task is to manage sensitive data. It is identified that cloud servers are always expected to safeguard as well as manage data that underlies the hardware infrastructure of deployment but remote access responsibility is very dependent on the users and thus it is analyzed that no system is secure. If proper information as well as data related with the business organization are hacked or accessed then it, will bring a great disaster for the business organization. Inflexibility: It is opined by Demirkan and Delen (2013) that cloud users mainly have limited control over the function as well as execution over the infrastructure of hosting. Both cloud providers as well as management related policies create limits on the operation of the customers in context to deployment. It is identified that customers have very much limited control over the management of data, services as well as application. Customer support: According to Almorsy, Grundy and Muller (2016), in the early years of cloud computing utilization, the users faced constantly about the poor customer service. However, most of the vendors have made some strides in improving various types of technical support over the past year but it is identified that appropriate customer service is very much expensive. In order to provide proper customer support, the cloud service vendor must have appropriate number of option available for technical supports that include knowledge bases, email, user forums and more. Limited control: It is stated by Yeboah and Essandoh (2014) that cloud service providers mainly helps in managing as well as monitoring the cloud infrastructure. It is identified that the users have very much little control over it. The user have the ability of managing applications, data as well as services that are generally operated with the help of cloud but they cannot be able to access the various keys of administrative asks including update as well as manage firmware or accessing different server shell. In order to mitigate this type off risk, it is quite important to carry out proper risk assessment before handing over the entire control of the business to the service provider. Methods for mitigating the challenges of cloud computing in business It is identified that the business organizations faces number of cloud computing risks that must be mitigated properly so that the business does not face any loss. The methods that are helpful in mitigating the challenges of cloud computing within business are as follows: Implementation of end-to-end encryption: It is stated by Stieninger and Nedbal (2014) that end-to-end encryption for cloud storage helps in decreasing the likelihood of the data that is being breached. It is identified that most of the cloud solutions have encrypted downloads as well as uploads but it does not store encrypted data. It is identified that the method with very much least amount of risk generally need the data encryption prior to upload. Updating software regularly: The business organizations must not forget to update the in-house software. If they were running outdated software then the organization would be at risk despite of party audits as well as encryption. Utilizing single sign solution for adding security: According to Demirkan and Delen (2013), it is identified that depending upon the size of the business organization, different type of user accounts are generally created for various cloud servers. It is analyzed that single users have different account with various passwords and as a result, the entire operation become much more complex for both the administrator as well as user. It is identified that by utilizing single sign on environment method is quite useful in resolving this problem. It also helps in reducing the number of various types of potential security weakness. Polices as well as procedure for handling IP:It is identified that not all locations are ideally suited for the cloud computing applications. It is very much important to ensure that various policies help in outlining sensitive information for handling data in context to cloud. It is opined by Goyal (2014) that the business organization must identify various types of top categories of data for developing data loss prevention that is dependent on various types of detection rules for protecting data as well as information Conclusion It can be concluded that the utilization of cloud computing within business organization is helpful in providing number of benefits that include enhancing scalability, business continuity, collaboration efficiency as well as flexibility of work practices. However, the business organization also faces number of disadvantages by moving to cloud. It is identified that cloud computing is dependent on internet connection and the internet service is not proper and it suffers from various types of frequent outrages then the cloud is not suitable for the business organization. In addition to this, if proper information as well as data related with the business organization are hacked or accessed then it, will bring a great disaster for the business organization. Therefore, it is quite important to mitigate the issues as well as challenges faced by business. It is found that there are number of strategies that are helpful bi mitigating the issues. The strategies include implementation of end- to-end encryption, utilizing single sign solution for adding security as well as handling the IP with the help of appropriate policies and procedures References Ali, M., Khan, S.U. and Vasilakos, A.V., 2015. Security in cloud computing: Opportunities and challenges.Information Sciences,305, pp.357-383. Almorsy, M., Grundy, J. and Mller, I., 2016. An analysis of the cloud computing security problem.arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.01107. Avram, M.G., 2014. Advantages and challenges of adopting cloud computing from an enterprise perspective.Procedia Technology,12, pp.529-534. Chang, V., Walters, R.J. and Wills, G., 2013. The development that leads to the Cloud Computing Business Framework.International Journal of Information Management,33(3), pp.524-538. Chou, D.C., 2015. Cloud computing: A value creation model.Computer Standards Interfaces,38, pp.72-77. Chou, D.C., 2015. Cloud computing risk and audit issues.Computer Standards Interfaces,42, pp.137-142. Demirkan, H. and Delen, D., 2013. Leveraging the capabilities of service-oriented decision support systems: Putting analytics and big data in cloud.Decision Support Systems,55(1), pp.412-421. Gai, K. and Steenkamp, A., 2014. A feasibility study of Platform-as-a-Service using cloud computing for a global service organization.Journal of Information Systems Applied Research,7(3), p.28. Goyal, S., 2014. Public vs private vs hybrid vs community-cloud computing: a critical review.International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security,6(3), p.20. Hashem, I.A.T., Yaqoob, I., Anuar, N.B., Mokhtar, S., Gani, A. and Khan, S.U., 2015. The rise of big data on cloud computing: Review and open research issues.Information Systems,47, pp.98-115. Khanagha, S., Volberda, H. and Oshri, I., 2014. Business model renewal and ambidexterity: structural alteration and strategy formation process during transition to a Cloud business model.RD Management,44(3), pp.322-340. Oliveira, T., Thomas, M. and Espadanal, M., 2014. Assessing the determinants of cloud computing adoption: An analysis of the manufacturing and services sectors.Information Management,51(5), pp.497-510. Rai, R., Sahoo, G. and Mehfuz, S., 2013. Securing software as a service model of cloud computing: Issues and solutions.arXiv preprint arXiv:1309.2426. Rittinghouse, J.W. and Ransome, J.F., 2016.Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Stieninger, M. and Nedbal, D., 2014. Characteristics of cloud computing in the business context: A systematic literature review.Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management,15(1), pp.59-68. Sultan, N., 2014. Making use of cloud computing for healthcare provision: Opportunities and challenges.International Journal of Information Management,34(2), pp.177-184. Tsohou, A., Lee, H. and Irani, Z., 2014. Innovative public governance through cloud computing: Information privacy, business models and performance measurement challenges.Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy,8(2), pp.251-282. Yeboah-Boateng, E.O. and Essandoh, K.A., 2014. Factors influencing the adoption of cloud computing by small and medium enterprises in developing economies.International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering,2(4), pp.13-20.

The Concept Of Girlhood In The Modern World Essays - Childhood

The Concept Of Girlhood In The Modern World THE GIRL-CHILD IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY The girl-child is one of, if not the most, exploitable segments of the world's population. Children in general because of their dependence upon adults and their natural naivet? due to lack of life experience. In the context of our new global economy, child labor issues are becoming very prevalent and their discussion very necessary. The tragedy of the child labor issues is that the multinational corporations created within the global economy are not able to see the damage they cause in other countries. Also, modern corporate organization doesn't require the business leaders to view the conditions of their employees, personally, and within the workplace. Children and women are heavily exploited within this structure because of poverty, desperation, and survival. Girls are at the bottom of this list. Women have the advantage of age in some instance, but girls are sometimes left to fend for themselves because of orphanhood or a family caretaker status. This dilemma is invisible to most people, even the occurrences within the United States are left unknown about by those in the official class system. The girls exploited have been paid in an economic category far below what is considered lower class or even impoverished. This type of issue is a personal one and therefore cannot be fully explained or understood through statistics and purely analytical data. The experience of these girls individually is just as important as their numbers. Some of the regions that are affected by this phenomenon are closely related to the United States. Latin America has experienced a significant boost in exploitable labor schemes targeted at young girls. There are factory jobs popularly named maquilas. In these maquilas, girls from the ages of 7-18 work horrendous 16-24 hour days with short or no breaks, unprovided health care, and no protection from the men who own or run the factories NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) was a major determinant for the current economic crisis in Latin America. Foreign companies pay ridiculously low wages and do almost nothing to protect their workers. Girls, and children in general, are not allowed public education for fear it will take away from their labor. Even areas with unions still experience exploitative labor and abject poverty. These types of work environments also exist in significant numbers in Asia, and surprisingly America. Multinational companies, such as Nike and Gap, use child labor, especially girl's labor, to produce their very popular and trendy clothing. Many large businesses in he US, Europe, and Asia seek laborers in third world countries. With growing multinational companies, international tourism, and global exchanges of people and ideas, more individuals are going to foreign lands to live. People, mostly men, are doing business in third world countries. Prostitution of girls and children is directly related to foreign businessmen and tourism. In Asia,1992 and 1994, 160 foreigners were arrested for sexual abuse of children through prostitution. 25% were American, 18% German, and 12% British.(Taken from Internet article ultimate abuse - enclosed) These were not necessarily pedophiles, just people taking of advantage of the prostitution rings that are growing into lucrative businesses because of foreign investment. This remains invisible to those who live in the world of the perpetrators. These problems will persist for many years to come because of the nature of huge multi-national companies. They are able to enter areas and never see the consequences. They do not only affect labor, but the whole community. These areas are usually already impoverished. The factories provide jobs for the girls to supplement the family. There are so many other systems of exploiting young girls in many countries. In parts of South Asia, a system of bonding children out for loans is common. The debt is extended for a long period because it is built upon by accrued expenses and unjust practices by the debtors. Girls are used more often than boys because of their culturally inferior status, which is common amongst many societies. This common position of inferiority makes the girl-child more exploitable than other members of society. The global economy is encouraging and supporting non-personal business ethics abroad.. Companies should treat their foreign employees the same as their

Essay Topics For Jazz by Toni Morrison

Essay Topics For Jazz by Toni MorrisonWriting a composition about a particular topic for jazz is not difficult. Jazz can be written about a number of topics that are of interest to the person writing the essay. It is important that a proper selection be made before going ahead with the assignment. The following list will give you an idea of the topic for your composition:In a sense, music is the food of the soul. The soul is what keeps the body in shape. If you are thinking of writing an essay about how much you enjoy playing jazz guitar, you could go for an essay that would showcase your talent and skills. This type of writing will get you noticed.A great option for students who are going to write an essay about jazz music is Jazz Guitar Musicians Essay. This kind of paper focuses on the history of jazz and the present day musicians. It also takes into account the life of the musician himself. It discusses his musical career as well as the people he has played with. Even a person wh o is not very knowledgeable about the history of jazz can learn a lot from this kind of paper.Jazz music is often considered one of the greatest genres of music in the world. It has been formed for several decades now and has continued to evolve for the past few decades. With that being said, there is a great demand for a great number of jazz music related essays that are already available. Such topics could include the importance of jazz music in different cultures, how jazz changed the modern era, how jazz continues to change the world and even how jazz is going to change the world for a while to come.Jazz is considered as a genre that is evergreen. No matter what the growing trends in music may be, jazz remains as one of the best genres to create stories. Any person who loves music should take into consideration the significance of this type of writing. The main purpose of these essays is to tell the story of a person's life. That story can involve jazz music, or any other subjec t that is great for the writer.A great way to make the topic in an essay about jazz interesting is to write about the sound of jazz. This is where a person can make the part about jazz interesting. This can be a part about the best jazz guitar solos, the origin of the song, how jazz influenced popular music, etc. This type of essay is interesting because it makes people notice how amazing the music is.There are many essay topics for jazz by Toni Morrison available. You just have to choose the one that suits you best. The most important thing to do is to find a topic that you enjoy and that can actually express your passion towards music. Jazz music has many aspects and it is important to note the importance of each one.

Benefits of Animal Experimentation essays

Benefits of Animal Experimentation essays Are we to let concern for the rights of pests cost human lives? The answer is a simple one-no. Animal research, although often the subject of debate is a positive thing. Without it, where would the world be? Tests certainly cannot be done on humans, for what human will risk his or her life if there is a more convenient and sensible option. Yes the animals endure pain and, at times, lose their lives but new advances are being made in that field as well. Studies are always being done to ensure the maximum safety and comfort for these subjects. Animal Testing-Good for Mankind or Violation of Rights? Animal testing-is it inapplicable? Many researchers shout yes; results received from small animals and rodents do not apply to humans. If this is so, then why have so many advances been made since the dawning of animal testing? Dozens of vaccines have been found not to mention antibiotics. Indeed, we cannot think of an area of medical research that does not owe many of its most important advances to animal experiments (Rowan, p.21). The main argument of animal research opponents is that animal tests are inapplicable. Animals and humans biologically differ from each other. So results from animal experiments cant be applied directly to humans (Chang, p.2). Other arguments include: Humane alternatives to much of animal research, such as tissue samples and computer models, already exist. Animals have rights. When engaging in animal research, they violate the rights of an animal to be free of unnatural diseases, injuries, or mental and behavioral problems (Chang, p.2). If cures are to be found, animal testing is necessary. In addition to discovering microorganisms, animal experimentation has led to significant medical findings related ...

Access Restrictions to Social Security Death Index

Access Restrictions to Social Security Death Index The Social Security Death Master File, maintained by the US Social Security Administration (SSA), is a database of death records collected from a variety of sources used by the SSA to administer their programs. This includes death information collected from family members, funeral homes, financial institutions, postal authorities, States and other Federal agencies. The Social Security Death Master File is not a comprehensive record of all deaths in the United States- just a record of those deaths reported to the Social Security Administration. The SSA maintains two versions of the Death Master File (DMF): The  full file  contains all death records extracted from the SSA database, including death data received from the States, and is shared only with certain Federal and State agencies pursuant to section 205(r) of the Social Security Act.The  public file  (commonly referred to as the Social Security Death Index, or SSDI), as of 1 November 2011, does  not  include protected death records received from the States.   According to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), which disseminates the Death Master File, â€Å"Section 205(r) of the Act prohibits SSA from disclosing state death records SSA receives through its contracts with the states, except in limited circumstances.† This change removed approximately  4.2 million of the 89 million deaths at that time contained in the public Death Master File (Social Security Death Index), and approximately 1 million fewer deaths are now added each year.  At the same time, the Social Security Agency also stopped including the decedent’s residential state and Zip code in the public file (SSDI). Why the Changes to the Public Social Security Death Index? The 2011 changes to the Social Security Death Index began with a  Scripps Howard News Service investigation in July 2011, that complained about individuals using Social Security Numbers for deceased individuals found online to commit tax and credit fraud. Large genealogy services which offered access to the Social Security Death Index were targeted as helping to perpetuate the fraud related to use of social security numbers for deceased individuals. In November 2011, GenealogyBank removed social security numbers from their free U.S. Social Security Death Index database, after two customers complained their privacy was violated when the Social Security Administration falsely listed them as deceased. In December 2011, following a petition sent to the five largest genealogy services who provided online access to the SSDI, by  U.S. Senators  Sherrod Brown  (D-Ohio),  Richard Blumenthal  (D-Connecticut),  Bill Nelson  (D-Florida) and  Richard J. Durbin  (D-Illinois), A ncestry.com removed all access to the popular, free version of the SSDI that had been hosted on RootsWeb.com for over a decade. They also removed social security numbers for individuals who died within the past 10 years  from the SSDI database hosted behind their membership wall on Ancestry.com,  due to sensitivities around the information in this database. The Senators December 2011 petition urged companies to remove and no longer post on your website deceased individuals Social Security numbers because they believe that the benefits provided by making the Death Master File readily available online are greatly outweighed by the costs of disclosing such personal information, and that ...given the other information available on your website full names, birth dates, death dates   Social Security numbers provide little benefit to individuals undertaking to learn about their familial history.  While the letter conceded that posting the Social Security numbers is not illegal under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), it also went on to point out that legality and propriety are not the same thing. Unfortunately, these 2011 restrictions werent the end of the changes to public access to the Social Security Death Index. Pursuant to law passed in December 2013 (Section 203 of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013), access to information contained in the Social Security Administration’s Death Master File (DMF) is now limited for a three year period beginning on the date of an individual’s death to authorized users and recipients who qualify for certification. Genealogists and other individuals can no longer request copies of social security applications (SS-5) for individuals who have died within the past three years under the Freedom of Information (FOI) Act. Recent deaths are also not included in the SSDI until three years after the date of death. Where You Can Still Access the Social Security Death Index Online

Dynamism in Precolonial African Society Research Paper - 1

Dynamism in Precolonial African Society - Research Paper Example This essay declares that the societies of Africa, thrust into democratic setups, have been unable to function as smoothly as they did under indigenous forms of governance. This is not to suggest that democracy is not a workable form of governance in Africa. However, the transition was not effected in a very scientific manner and there was a great resistance from the ancient forms of social structuring. The power and dynamism of these social orders can be seen in the resistance to sudden and imposed change that they offer. The tribal forms of governance in African societies were in many ways, examples of a smooth and efficient from of democracy. While they were not completely democratic by any stretch of imagination, they did offer certain strengths to women and marginalized sections of the society in ways that Western society never has. They also offered means of redressal for people who had been wronged in ways that were quick and efficient. In many colonized societies a quick and s mooth system of justice was often replaced by Western systems of law that failed to work as effectively in these societies. They were unable to dispense justice in quick and efficient ways. This paper makes a conclusion that Africa has been referred to as the ‘dark continent’. This epithet has obviously racist connotations. It also designates the continent as one which was always ignorant of civilized ways of being. The dynamic and robust structuring of precolonial African societies belies these views.

Cereal Aisle Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cereal Aisle Analysis - Essay Example What was immediately noted once a full comparison was made between consumer behavior and activity upon other aisles as compared to the cereal aisle was stark. Ultimately, consumers would proceed through the other aisles in something of a robotic fashion; oftentimes shopping based upon price alone. Although there were more than a few deviations from this which were noted (namely with regards to purchases such as salad dressing and/or a desire to purchase a name brand when it came to spices or flavoring), the broad majority of consumer action that was noted upon the other aisles as compared to the cereal aisle was concentric upon a desire to purchase the lowest priced item and/or the store branded alternative. However, when many of these individuals approached the cereal aisle, a different level of consumer behavior was served entirely. As such, rather than choosing the cheapest brand or being particularly health-conscious, another aspect consumer behavior that was noted on many of the aisles, individuals invariably gave in to their basic desires and preferences. This was noted as a far greater majority of branded cereal was the choice of the consumer and a much higher percentage of extraordinarily unhelpful cereal was chosen as compared to store branded/healthy alternatives. As has been defined earlier in this analysis, the individuals within the grocery store in question were specifically interested in the overall price structure and healthfulness of the food item in question. However, when they proceeded to the cereal aisle, these concerns invariably were thrown to the wind (Hurley & Lieberman, 2005). This deviation from standard consumer behavior is perhaps a very good

Journeys End by RC Sheriff - How does the Opening Grab the Audience’s Attention? :: English Literature

How does the Opening of Journey’s End grab the Audience’s Attention? R.C Sheriff’s â€Å"Journey’s End† is a piece of First World War literature and presents a realistic picture of life in the trenches as he had known it and a interpretation of the horrors from the war. It is set in 1918, and opens on Monday March 18th. It is placed in a dugout in the British Trenches before St Quentin. It is a powerful play expressing many different sides of the war from the death and fighting to the way the recruits spend their spare time. This play involves the â€Å"C† Company including a Company Commander and four officers. In Act 1 scene 1 the previous company has had a quiet posting with only irregular attacks and the German troup movements are just starting. The opening is one example of the way R.C Sherriff has tried to make it fun as well as stern. He opens with Hardy singing a song, â€Å"One and Two, it’s with Maud and Lou†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , which also shows that some parts are unrealistic and not showing a war the way we all know a war to be like. The first two characters we are introduced with are Hardy and Osborne. Hardy is the incompetent, casual and good humoured soldier which brings the hilarity and light hearted side of war to the audience’s attention. Osborne on the other hand is the opposite from Hardy. He displays experience and discipline to the dugout. He is also very fair-minded and level headed. In this scene they introduce Stanhope to the viewers but they have conflicting views on him. Hardy quotes: â€Å"Stanhope really is a freak† showing he doesn’t have a positive opinion on Stanhope. Whereas Osborne quotes in his favour â€Å"He’s a long way the best company commander we’ve got†. With the contrast in views and the appearance of Stanhope yet to be seen is making the audience question: â€Å"What is Stanhope really like?†. During the conversation between Hardy and Osborne we’re told that they are expecting a new officer, from Osborne saying, â€Å"I hope we’re lucky and get a youngster straight from school. They’re the kind that do best†. There is also a question over â€Å"The Big Attack† which we are yet to be knowledgeable about. This is known because the conversation, â€Å"†¦the big German attack’s expected any day now†¦ I should think you’ll get it right in the neck† between the two officers tells us so, which keeps us interested to find out more. This play is a slice of real life with documentary realism. It has all the right parts to it from the comic of Hardy’s jokes to the

History of Criminal Justice Essay

The modern criminal justice system has evolved since  ancient  times, with new forms of  punishment, added  rights  for  offenders  and victims, and  policing  reforms. These developments have reflected changing  customs, political ideals, and economic conditions. In ancient times through the middle Ages,  exile  was a common form of punishment. During the  Middle Ages, payment to the victim (or the victim’s family), known as  wergild, was another common punishment, including for violent crimes. For those who could not afford to buy their way out of punishment, harsh penalties included various forms of  corporal punishment. These included  mutilation,  branding, and  flogging, as well as  execution. Though a prison,  Le Stinche, existed as early as the 14th century in  Italy, incarceration  was not widely used until the 19th century. Correctional reform in the United States was first initiated by  William Penn, towards the end of the 17th century. For a time,  Pennsylvania’s criminal code was revised to forbid  torture  and other forms of cruel punishment, with  jails  and  prisons  replacing corporal punishment. These reforms were reverted, upon Penn’s death in 1718. Under pressure from a group of  Quakers, these reforms were revived in Pennsylvania toward the end of the 18th century, and led to a marked drop in Pennsylvania’s crime rate. Patrick Colquhoun,  Henry Fielding  and others led significant reforms during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. [19] Definition Criminal justice  is the system of practices and institutions of  governments  directed at upholding  control, deterring  and mitigating  crime, or sanctioning those who violate  laws  with criminal penalties and  rehabilitation efforts. Those accused of crime have  protections  against abuse of investigatory and prosecution powers. The criminal justice system consists of three main parts: (1)  Legislative  (create laws); (2) adjudication (courts); and (3)  corrections  (jails, prisons, probation and parole). In the criminal justice system, these distinct agencies operate together both under the  rule of law  and as the principal means of maintaining the  rule of law  within  society. Policing The first contact an  offender  has with the criminal justice system is usually with the  police  (or  law enforcement) who investigate the suspected wrongdoing and make an  arrest, but if the suspect is dangerous to the whole nation, a national level  law enforcement agency  is called in . When warranted, law enforcement agencies or police officers are empowered to use force and other forms of legal coercion and means to effect public and social order. The term is most commonly associated with police departments of a  state  that are authorized to exercise the  police power  of that state within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility. The word comes from the  Latin  politia  (â€Å"civil administration†), which itself derives from the  Ancient Greek   , for  polis  (â€Å"city†). The first police force comparable to the present-day police was established in 1667 under King  Louis XIV  in France, although modern police usually trace their origins to the 1800 establishment of the  Marine Police  in  London, the  Glasgow Police, and the  Napoleonic  police of Paris. Police are primarily concerned with keeping the peace and enforcing  criminal law  based on their particular mission and jurisdiction. Formed in 1908 the  Federal Bureau of Investigation  began as an entity which could investigate and enforce specific federal laws as an investigative and â€Å"law enforcement agency† in the United States;[10]  this, however, has constituted only a small portion of overall policing activity. [11]  Policing has included an array of activities in different contexts, but the predominant ones are concerned with  order maintenance  and the provision of services. [12] Courts Courts of Law The courts serve as the venue where disputes are then settled and justice is administered. With regard to criminal justice, there are a number of critical people in any court setting. These critical people are referred to as the courtroom work group and include both professional and non professional individuals. These include the  judge,  prosecutor, and thedefense attorney. The judge, or magistrate, is a person, elected or appointed, who is knowledgeable in the law, and whose function is to objectively administer the legal proceedings and offer a final decision to dispose of a case. In the U. S. and in a growing number of nations,  guilt  or innocence (although in the U.S. a jury can never find a defendant â€Å"innocent† but rather â€Å"not guilty†) is decided through theadversarial system. In this system, two parties will both offer their version of events and  argue  their case before the court (sometimes before a judge or panel of judges, sometimes before a jury). The case should be decided in favor of the party who offers the most sound and compelling arguments based on the law as applied to the facts of the case. The prosecutor, or district attorney, is a  lawyer  who brings charges against a person, persons or corporate entity. It is the prosecutor’s duty to explain to the court what crime was committed and to detail what  evidence  has been found which incriminates the accused. The prosecutor should not be confused with a  plaintiff  or plaintiff’s counsel. Although both serve the function of bringing a complaint before the court, the prosecutor is a servant of the state who makes accusations on behalf of the state in criminal proceedings, while the plaintiff is the complaining party in civil proceedings. A defense attorney counsels the accused on the legal process, likely outcomes for the accused and suggests strategies. The accused, not the lawyer, has the right to make final decisions regarding a number of fundamental points, including whether to testify, and to accept a plea offer or demand a jury trial in appropriate cases. It is the defense attorney’s duty to represent the interests of the client, raise procedural and evidentiary issues, and hold the prosecution to its burden of proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Defense counsel may challenge evidence presented by the prosecution or present exculpatory evidence and argue on behalf of their client. At trial, the defense attorney may attempt to offer a  rebuttal  to the prosecutor’s accusations. In the U. S. , an accused person is entitled to a government-paid defense attorney if he or she is in jeopardy of losing his or her life and/or liberty. Those who cannot afford a private attorney may be provided one by the state. Historically, however, the right to a defense attorney has not always been universal. For example, in  Tudor  England criminals accused oftreason  were not permitted to offer arguments in their defense. In many jurisdictions, there is no right to an appointed attorney, if the accused is not in jeopardy of losing his or her liberty. The final determination of guilt or innocence is typically made by a third party, who is supposed to be disinterested. This function may be performed by a judge, a panel of judges, or a  jury  panel composed of unbiased citizens. This process varies depending on the laws of the specific jurisdiction. In some places the panel (be it judges or a jury) is required to issue a unanimous decision, while in others only a majority  vote  is required. In America, this process depends on the state, level of court, and even agreements between the prosecuting and defending parties. Some nations do not use juries at all, or rely on theological or military authorities to issue verdicts. Some cases can be disposed of without the need for a trial. In fact, the vast majority are. If the accused confesses his or her guilt, a shorter process may be employed and a judgment may be rendered more quickly. Some nations, such as America, allow  plea bargaining  in which the accused pleads guilty,  nolo contendere  or not guilty, and may accept a diversion program or reduced punishment, where the prosecution’s case is weak or in exchange for the cooperation of the accused against other people. This reduced sentence is sometimes a reward for sparing the state the expense of a formal trial. Many nations do not permit the use of plea bargaining, believing that it coerces innocent people to plead guilty in an attempt to avoid a harsh punishment. The entire trial process, whatever the country, is fraught with problems and subject to criticism. Bias  and  discrimination  form an ever-present threat to an objective decision. Any prejudice  on the part of the lawyers, the judge, or jury members threatens to destroy the court’s credibility. Some people argue that the often Byzantine rules governing courtroom conduct and processes restrict a layman’s ability to participate, essentially reducing the legal process to a battle between the lawyers. In this case, the criticism is that the decision is based less on sound justice and more on the lawyer’s eloquence and  charisma. This is a particular problem when the lawyer performs in a substandard manner. The jury process is another area of frequent criticism, as there are few mechanisms to guard against poor judgment or incompetence on the part of the layman jurors. Judges themselves are very subject to bias subject to things as ordinary as the length of time since their last break. [13] Manipulations of the court system by defense and prosecution attorneys, law enforcement as well as the defendants have occurred and there have been cases where justice was denied. Interpol The  International Criminal Police Organization  (ICPO), widely known as  INTERPOL,[3]  is an  intergovernmental organizationfacilitating international police cooperation. It was established as the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC) in 1923 and adopted its telegraphic address as its common name in 1956. Its membership of 190 countries provides a budget of around â‚ ¬60 million through annual contributions. The organization’s headquarters is in  Lyon, France. It is the second largest  intergovernmental organization  after the  United Nations  by  member states. In 2011, the Interpol General Secretariat employed a staff of 673 representing 93 member countries. [1]  Its current Secretary-General is  Ronald Noble, a former United States  Under Secretary of the Treasury for Enforcement. Succeeding  Khoo Boon Hui, its current President is Deputy Central Director of the French Judicial Police  Mireille Ballestrazzi. In order to maintain as politically neutral a role as possible, Interpol’s  constitution  forbids it to undertake any interventions or activities of a political, military, religious, or racial nature. [4]  Its work focuses primarily on public safety,  terrorism,  organized crime,crimes against humanity,  environmental crime,  genocide,  war crimes,  piracy, illicit  traffic  in  works of art,  illicit drug  production,drug trafficking,  weapons smuggling,  human trafficking,  money laundering,  child pornography,  white-collar crime,  computer crime,intellectual property crime  and  corruption. Interpol’s headquarters are located in  Lyon, France. Corrections Offenders are then turned over to the correctional authorities, from the court system after the accused has been found guilty. Like all other aspects of criminal justice, the administration of  punishment  has taken many different forms throughout history. Early on, when civilizations lacked the resources necessary to construct and maintain prisons,  exile  and  execution  were the primary forms of punishment. Historically  shame  punishments and  exile  have also been used as forms of censure. The most publicly visible form of punishment in the modern era is the  prison. Prisons may serve as detention centers for prisoners after trial. For containment of the accused, jails are used. Early prisons were used primarily to sequester criminals and little thought was given to living conditions within their walls. In America, the  Quaker  movement is commonly credited with establishing the idea that prisons should be used to reform criminals. This can also be seen as a critical moment in the debate regarding the purpose of punishment. Punishment (in the form of prison time) may serve a variety of purposes. First, and most obviously, the incarceration of criminals removes them from the general population and inhibits their ability to perpetrate further crimes. A new goal of prison punishments is to offer criminals a chance to be rehabilitated. Many modern prisons offer schooling or job training to prisoners as a chance to learn a vocation and thereby earn a legitimate living when they are returned to society. Religious institutions also have a presence in many prisons, with the goal of teaching ethics and instilling a sense of morality in the prisoners. If a prisoner is released before his time is served, he is released as a parole. This means that they are released, but the restrictions are greater than that of someone on probation. There are numerous other forms of punishment which are commonly used in conjunction with or in place of prison terms. Monetary  finesare one of the oldest forms of punishment still used today. These fines may be paid to the state or to the victims as a form of reparation. Probation  and  house arrest  are also sanctions which seek to limit a person’s mobility and his or her opportunities to commit crimes without actually placing them in a prison setting. Furthermore, many jurisdictions may require some form of public or community service as a form of reparations for lesser offenses. In Corrections, the Department ensures court-ordered, pre-sentence chemical dependency assessments, related Drug Offender Sentencing Alternative specific examinations and treatment will occur for offenders sentenced to Drug Offender Sentencing Alternative in compliance with RCW 9. 94A. 660. Execution or  capital punishment  is still used around the world. Its use is one of the most heavily debated aspects of the criminal justice system. Some societies are willing to use executions as a form of political control, or for relatively minor misdeeds. Other societies reserve execution for only the most sinister and brutal offenses. Others still have outlawed the practice entirely, believing the use of execution to be excessively cruel or hypocritical. History of criminal law The first civilizations generally did not distinguish between  civil law  and criminal law. The first written codes of law were designed by the Sumerians. Around 2100-2050 BC  Ur-Nammu, the  Neo-Sumerian  king of  Ur, enacted the oldest written legal code whose text has been discovered: the  Code of Ur-Nammu although an earlier code of  Urukagina  of  Lagash  ( 2380-2360 BC ) is also known to have existed. Another important early code was the  Code Hammurabi, which formed the core of  Babylonian law. Only fragments of the early criminal laws of  Ancient Greece  have survived, e. g. those of  Solon  and  Draco. [2] The similarly significant  Commentaries  of  Gaius  on the  Twelve Tables  also conflated the civil and criminal aspects, treating theft or  furtum  as a  tort. Assault and violent  robbery  were analogized to trespass  as to property. Breach of such laws created an obligation of law or  vinculum juris discharged by payment of monetary compensation or  damages. The criminal law of  imperial Rome  is collected in Books 47-48 of the  Digest  After the revival of  Roman law  in the 12th century, sixth-century Roman classifications and jurisprudence provided the foundations of the distinction between criminal and civil law in  European  law from then until the present time The first signs of the modern distinction between crimes and civil matters emerged during the Norman  of England. The special notion of criminal penalty, at least concerning Europe, arose in Spanish Late Scolasticism (see  Alfonso de Castro), when the theological notion of God’s penalty (poena aeterna) that was inflicted solely for a guilty mind, became transfused into canon law first and, finally, to secular criminal law. [6]  The development of the  state  dispensing  justice  in a court clearly emerged in the eighteenth century when European countries began maintaining police services. From this point, criminal law had formalized the mechanisms for enforcement, which allowed for its development as a discernible entity. Objectives of criminal law Criminal law is distinctive for the uniquely serious potential consequences or  sanctions  for failure to abide by its rules. [7]  Every crime is composed of  criminal elements. Capital punishment  may be imposed in some jurisdictions for the most serious crimes. Physical or  corporal punishment  may be imposed such as  whipping  or  caning, although these punishments are prohibited in much of the world. Individuals may be  incarcerated  in  prison  or  jail  in a variety of conditions depending on the jurisdiction. Confinement may be solitary. Length of incarceration may vary from a day to life.